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Revision Checklist: Buddhism Unit 1: Religious Beliefs, Values, and Teachings
The three poisons
The Four Noble Truths
The Eight-Fold Path
Metta, Karuna, Khanti
Enlightenment and Nibbana
The Three marks of existence
The 5 Khandas
Rebirth and Karma
The Three Refuges – The Buddha
The Three Refuges – Dharma
The Three Refuges – The Sangha
The Five Moral Precepts
Key Terms
Anatta – No self
Anicca - Impermanence
Dependent Origination – The idea that everything that arises in life is dependent on certain conditions and that everything is connected
Dhamma – The truth or teaching of the Buddha Gautama
Dukkha - Suffering
Karuna - Compassion
Karma – ‘action’ that have consequences in the next life
Khanti - Forgiveness
Nirodha – The truth of the cessation of suffering
Magga – The truth of the path to ending suffering
Metta – Loving Kindness
Samudaya – The truth of the cause of suffering
Sangha – The community of monks/nuns created by the Buddha
Tanha - Craving
The Five Khandas – The 5 aggregates that make up a human being
The Three Poisons – Greed, anger, ignorance
The Three Refuges – The Buddha, the Dhamma, The Sangha
Revision Checklist: Buddhism Unit 2: Sources of Wisdom and Authority
Conception and birth of the Buddha
The Buddha’s childhood and the 4 sights
The Buddha’s Life as an ascetic
Enlightenment of the Buddha
The Buddha’s teaching career
The Buddha’s death and parinibbana
Religion at the time of the Buddha
Politics and society at the time of the Buddha
The authority of the Tipitaka
The formation of the Tipitaka
The different sections of the Tipitaka
Key Terms
Abhidhamma Pitaka - The third section of the Tripitaka containing philosophical discourse
Aryan – Tribe of people (originating from the Middle East) who populated Northern India at the time of the Buddha
Ascetic – A person who has chosen to shun worldly aspirations in order to search for religious/spiritual truth
Brahmin – Priestly social group (top of caste system)
Caste System – Vedic form of social stratification based on karma from previous lives
Enlightenment – ‘Awakening’ – the realisation of spiritual truth
Four Sights – Four experiences that initiated the Buddha’s quest for enlightenment
Mara – A physical or psychological demon who hindered the Buddha’s enlightenment
Nibbana – ‘To snuff out’ extinguishing the flames of desire that keep one trapped in the cycle of samsara
Parinibbana – Nibbana beyond this life
Patimoksha – The 227 rules of the Buddhist community of monks/nuns
Shakyamuni – Term used for the Buddha meaning ‘the sage from the Shakya region’
Sutta Pitaka – Second section of the Tipitaka containing the teachings of the Buddha
Vedas – The earliest form of Hindu scriptures
Vedic culture – Cultural tradition of Northern India based on the Vedas and relying on the caste system
Vinaya Pitaka – First section of the Tipitaka containing rules for life
Revision Checklist: Buddhism Unit 3: Practices that shape and express religious identity
Similarities and differences between Theravada and Mahayana
Greater vs Lesser Vehicle
Key Theravada Beliefs (Buddha, gods, philosophy, scripture)
The path of the Arhat
Nirvana and Parinirvana
Key Mahayana Beliefs (Extended Buddhology, Trikaya Doctrine, Celestial Buddhas, scripture, Skilful means, Bodhicitta)
The path of the Bodhisattva
Buddhist art/architecture
Purpose of meditation
Samatha meditation
Vipassana meditation
Benefits of meditation
Key Terms
Arhat (s) Arahant (p) – ‘Noble One’ – One who has achieved enlightenment
Bhumis – Stages of the bodhisattva path
Bodhisattva – One who has chosen to delay enlightenment for the benefit of all beings
Bodhicitta – Buddha consciousness, believed to be inside all living beings
Buddhology – issues surrounding the nature, person, and status of the Buddha
Dhyanas (s) Jhanas (p) – Buddhist meditative states
Hinayana – Lesser Vehicle
Mahayana – Greater Vehicle, also a term for all non-Theravada forms of Buddhism
Mudras – Hand gestures, often symbolic and seen in Buddhist art
Nikaya – The early schools of Buddhism, of which Theravada is the only one remaining
Paramitas – ‘Perfections’, describing the virtues acquired on the bodhisattva path
Samatha Meditation – ‘Calm Abiding’, meditation focusing on developing peace of mind
Stupa – Mound like structure containing Buddhist relics or artefacts
Sutras – Mahayana writings/scriptures
Theravada – ‘School of the elders’, only remaining form of Nikaya Buddhism
Trikaya Doctrine – The Mahayana idea that the Buddha can be experienced in three forms
Vipassana Meditation – Insight Meditation
Revision Checklist: Buddhism Unit 4: Social and Historical Developments
The spread of Buddhism after the death of the Buddha
The spread of Buddhism to China (making reference to Confucianism and Taoism)
The spread of Buddhism to Japan (making reference to Shinto)
Key figures in Asian Buddhism
Zen Buddhism
Pure Land Buddhism
The spread of Buddhism to the West
Triratna Buddhism
The role of Women in India at the time of the Buddha
The Buddha’s attitude towards women and the role of Māhapājapatī Gotamī in shaping his views.
Attitudes towards women in different schools of Buddhism
Buddhist approaches to feminist issues
Key Terms
Bhikkunis – Buddhist nuns (opposite of Bhikkhu – monk)
Emperor Ashoka - the third Mauryan emperor, sponsored the third Buddhist Council and did much to establish Buddhism
Koans – Riddles which are used by Zen Buddhists in meditation to bring them closer to enlightenment
Māhapājapatī Gotamī – The Buddha’s aunt/step-mother who persuaded the Buddha to permit the ordination of women.
Navayana – Meaning ‘new vehicle’ is a term devised by Christmas Humphreys to mean the new vehicle of Western Buddhism.
Pure Land Buddhism – A school of Buddhism popular in Japan which focuses on worship of Amitabha Buddha with the aim of being reborn in the Pure Land (from where it is much easier to reach enlightenment).
Rinzai Zen - A tradition of Zen Buddhism which emphasises a sudden approach to enlightenment
Soto Zen – A tradition of Zen Buddhism which emphasises a more gradual approach to enlightenment.
Triratna Buddhism – Formerly known as ‘Friends of the Western Buddhist Order’, this is a school of Buddhism founded in 1967 in London which focuses on the three Jewels (Triratna) and on applying the dharma to a Western lifestyle.
Zen Buddhism – A school of Buddhism popular in China and Japan which focuses on meditation, rather than on scripture, as the way to enlightenment
Revision Checklist: Buddhism Unit 6: Religion and Society
What is Ahimsa?
Extract 4 – The Warrior
Buddhism and vegetarianism
Buddhist views on war and pacifism.
How do Buddhists view other religions?
How do the different Buddhist schools view each other?
Buddhism and Inter-Faith Dialogue
Buddhism and Science
Key Terms
Ahimsa - means ‘not to injure’ and means to refrain from causing harm to any living being.
Dependent Origination - everything is interconnected and is affected by what happened before
Exclusivism - The belief that only your religion is true and that other religions are wrong.
Inclusivism - The belief that your religion is the true one, but that there may be some value, or some elements of truth in other religions
Inter-faith Dialogue - Positive interaction between those of different faiths, aiming to find commonality and reduce disputes
Liberationism - The principle of freedom from a state religion or belief
Multi-cultural Society - A society made up of many different cultures or ethnicities
Multi-faith Society - A society made up of many different religions, faiths, and belief systems
Pluralism - The belief that there is value and truth in all religions (all different paths to the same destination).
Religious Freedom - A human right which entitles you to believe in and practice any faith that you choose
Religious Tolerance - Being prepared to accept people and practices of other faiths and religions
Skhandhas (s) Khandhas (P) – The 5 aggregates or component parts that make up all living things (as opposed to a soul/atman)
Upaya – Skilful Means - a concept emphasizing that practitioners may use their own specific methods or techniques that fit the situation in order to gain enlightenment
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